First And Second Reconstructions Essays - Reconstruction Era

First And Second Reconstructions Essays - Reconstruction Era First and Second Reconstructions The First and Second Reconstructions held out the incredible guarantee of redressing racial shameful acts in America. The First Recreation, developing out of the disarray of the Civil War had as its objectives balance for Blacks in casting a ballot, governmental issues, and utilization of open offices. The Second Reconstruction rising out of the blasting economy of the 1950's, had as its objectives, combination, the finish of Jim Crow and the more undefined objective of making America a biracial popular government where, the children of previous slaves and the children of previous slave holders will have the option to plunk down together at the table of fraternity. Even however the two developments, were a result of high expectations they bombed in realizing their objectives. Conceived in trust, they kicked the bucket in despair, as the two developments saw a significant number of their benefits washed away. I propose to inspect why they flopped in understanding their objectives. My postulation is that inability to consolidate financial equity for Blacks in both developments prompted the disappointment of the First and Second Reconstruction. The First Reconstruction came after the Civil War and kept going till 1877. The political, social, and monetary conditions after the Common War characterized the objectives of the First Reconstruction. As of now the Congress was partitioned politically on issues that became out of the Common War: Black equity, reconstructing the South, readmitting Southern states to Union, and concluding who might control government.1 Socially, the South was in tumult. Recently liberated slaves meandered the South subsequent to having left their previous bosses, and the White populace was profoundly crushed, uncomfortable with what lay ahead. Financially, the South was likewise crushed: estates lay destroyed, railways destroyed, the arrangement of slave work wrecked, and urban areas burned to the ground. The monetary state of ex-slaves after the Civil War was similarly as dubious; many had left previous bosses and meandered the highways.2 In the midst of the post Civil War confusion, different political gatherings were scrambling to advance their plans. To start with, Southern Democrats, a party contained pioneers of the alliance and other affluent Southern whites, looked to end what they saw as Northern mastery of the South. They additionally looked to establish Black Codes, by restricting the privileges of Blacks to move, vote, travel, and change jobs,3 which like servitude, would give a sufficient and modest work gracefully for estates. Second, Moderate Republicans needed to seek after a strategy of compromise among North and South, and yet guarantee bondage was abolished.4 Third, Radical Republicans, involved of Northern legislators, were emphatically restricted to subjugation, unsympathetic toward the South, needed to secure recently free slaves, and keep there larger part in Congress.5 The fourth political component, at the end of the Civil War was President Andrew Johnson whose significant objective was bringing together the country. The fifth component were different periphery gatherings such as, abolitionists and Quakers. Firmly spurred by rule and a faith in uniformity, they accepted that Blacks required correspondence in American culture, in spite of the fact that they varied on what the idea of that ought to be.6 The Northern Radical Republicans, with a larger part in Congress, risen as the political gathering that set the objectives for Reconstruction which was to keep servitude from rising again in the South. From the start, the Radical Republicans figured this could be cultivated by prohibiting servitude with the entry of the Thirteenth Amendment. Be that as it may Southern Democrats in their mission to reestablish their standard in the South brought back subjugation in everything except name, by passing Black Codes as right on time as 1865. Both Moderate Republicans and Radical Republicans in Congress responded. Combining in 1866, they passed a bill to expand the life and duties of the Freedmen's Bureau to ensure recently liberated slaves against the different Black Codes. President Johnson vetoed the bill, however Radical and Moderate Republicans in the long run had the option to pass it.7 The Black Codes and President Johnson's veto of all Reproduction enactment that was horrible toward the South caused Moderate and Radical Republicans to change their objectives from just finishing bondage to looking for political fairness and casting a ballot rights for Blacks.8 The new objectives, depended on philanthropic and political contemplations. Northerners had become progressively thoughtful to the situation of the Blacks in the South after various all around broadcasted occurrences in which blameless Blacks were hassled, beaten, and killed.9

Islamic Terrorism And The United States Essays - Terrorism, Abuse

Islamic Terrorism and The United States Michelle Gowka PLSC 14H 04/26/01 The Threat of Islamic Terrorism With the breakdown of the Soviet Union in the mid 1990's and the virus war over, the global network appeared to be on the limit of a time of phenomenal harmony and flourishing. Rather, another arrangement of issues was made, similar to ethnic clashes, weapons multiplication, natural issues, populace development, sedate dealing, and fear based oppression. Fear mongering, as characterized by Title 22 of the United States code, segment 2656f(d), is the pre-pondered, politically propelled brutality executed against noncombatant focuses by subnational gatherings or secret specialists, normally proposed to impact and crowd. Islamic psychological warfare is a significant issue for the United States on account of the danger to national security, the wellbeing of blameless regular people, and the establishments of law based social orders all through the world (1997 Global Terrorism: NP). The greater part of the Islamic world perspectives the West, particularly the United States, as the premier ruining impact on the Islamic present reality. The Hizballah have taken this further by naming the Unites States as the Great Satan (Sinha. Pakistan-The Chief Patron-Promoter of Islamic Militancy and Terrorism: NP). This developing ill will the Islamic countries feel toward the Western world has been persistently exhibited by the expansion in worldwide psychological warfare. Be that as it may, Muslims don't see their activities as demonstrations of fear based oppression, however self-protection and their strict obligation. The Islamic radical developments primary achievement or disappointment has been their capacity to pick up authenticity from the overall population or from most of it in every Muslim nation (Paz 1998: NP). During the previous two decades, they have had colossal accomplishment with their capacity to introduce themselves to the Arab and Muslim world as the genui ne bearers of Islam. They advance to the lower class because of the common hatred of well off westerners while the white collar class and savvy people are drawn toward these extreme gatherings so as to remove imported belief systems and types of government (State Department. Against US Attacks 1997: NP). Radical Islamic associations have pronounced a heavenly war, Jihad, so as to unite the Arab world and have their spot as a politically influential nation. So as to achieve these objectives, these Islamic radicals have for the most part utilized fear based oppression as their primary instrument of influence. The greatest and most dynamic psychological militant associations are those which are state supported. These associations go about as both a plain and incognito method of spreading the support nations belief systems. The U.S. Secretary of State has assigned seven governments as state patrons of psychological oppression: Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Sudan, and Syria (State Department. Over of State-Sponsored Terrrorism 1997: NP). These administrations bolster global fear mongering either by participating in psychological militant movement themselves or by giving arms, preparing, place of refuge, conciliatory offices, monetary sponsorship, calculated or potentially backing to fear mongers (Over of State-Sponsored Terrorism 1997: NP). Iran is one of the most dynamic state patrons of fear mongering, including themselves in the arranging and execution of psychological oppressor acts by its own specialists and by substitutes, for example, the Hizballah. Tehran led 13 deaths in 1997, most of which were completed in northern Iraq against the system's principle resistance gatherings. A model happened in January 1997, when Iranian operators attempted to assault the Baghdad base camp of Mujahedin-e Khalq utilizing a supermortar. In spite of approvals and remote political weight, Iran keeps on offering help through preparing, cash, and weapons to an assortment of psychological oppressor gatherings, for example, Hizballah, HAMAS, and the PIJ (State Department Over of State-Sponsored Terrorism 1997:NP). Sudan is another enormous supporter of psychological oppressor associations. The Sudanese Government underpins psychological militants by giving paramilitary preparing, indoctrinization, cash, travel records, safe entry, and shelter. They additionally support a significant number of the questionable exercises of Iran, for example, piping help to fear based oppressor and radical Islamic gatherings working in and traveling through Sudan. Since Sudan was put on the United States' rundown of state backers of fear mongering in 1993, the Sudanese Government despite everything harbors individuals from the most savage global psychological oppressors and radical Islamic gatherings (State Department Over of State-Sponsored Terrorism 1997: NP). The nations of the center east have discovered fear mongering valuable for some reasons. To start with, fear based oppression is an economical option in contrast to battling a war, while as yet spreading their belief system and propelling their political plan. Nonetheless,

New Student Photo Series Post 5 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Series Post 5 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Joel Robert Putnam, MPA 2015 has traveled extensively and is an avid blogger. Below are a couple photos Joel submitted.   These photos were taken during his internship with the non-profit International Leadership Academy of Ethiopia.     He just returned from Addis Ababa where he split his time between teaching summer classes and helping the NGO and school get off the ground in time for its first official ninth grade class this fall. There are additional stories and pictures from the experience on his travel blog, jtrek.blogspot.com.

Fujiwhara Effect - Two Hurricanes Interacting

The Fujiwara Effect is an interesting phenomenon which can happen when two or more hurricanes form very near each other. In 1921, a Japanese meteorologist named Dr. Sakuhei Fujiwhara determined that two storms will sometimes move around a common center pivot point. The National Weather Service defines the Fujiwhara Effect as the tendency of two nearby tropical cyclones to rotate cyclonically about each other. Another slightly more technical definition of the Fujiwhara Effect from the National Weather Service is a binary interaction where tropical cyclones within a certain distance (300-750 nautical miles depending on the sizes of the cyclones) of each other begin to rotate about a common midpoint. The effect is also known as the Fujiwara Effect without an ‘h’ in the name. Fujiwhara’s studies indicate storms will rotate around a common center of mass. A similar effect is seen in the rotation of the Earth and moon. This barycenter is the center pivot point around which two rotating bodies in space will spin. The specific location of this center of gravity is determined by the relative intensity of the tropical storms. This interaction will sometimes lead to tropical storms dancing with each other around the dance floor of the ocean. Examples of the Fujiwhara Effect In 1955, two hurricanes formed very near each other. Hurricanes Connie and Diane at one point seemed to be one huge hurricane. The vortices were moving around each other in a counterclockwise motion. In September 1967, Tropical storms Ruth and Thelma began to interact with each other as they approached Typhoon Opal. At the time, satellite imagery was in its infancy as TIROS, the worlds first weather satellite, was only launched in 1960. To date, this was the best imagery of the Fujiwhara Effect yet seen. In July of 1976, hurricanes Emmy and Frances also showed the typical dance of the storms as they interacted with each other. Another interesting event occurred in 1995 when four tropical waves formed in the Atlantic. The storms would later be named Humberto, Iris, Karen, and Luis. A satellite image of the 4 tropical storms shows each of the cyclones from left to right. Tropical storm Iris was heavily influenced by the formation of Humberto before it, and Karen after it. Tropical Storm Iris moved through the islands of the northeastern Caribbean during late August and produced locally heavy rains and associated flooding according to the NOAA National Data Center. Iris later absorbed Karen on September 3, 1995 but not before altering the paths of both Karen and Iris. Hurricane Lisa was a storm that formed on September 16, 2004 as a tropical depression. The depression was located between Hurricane Karl to the west and another tropical wave to the southeast. As hurricane Karl influenced Lisa, the quickly approaching tropical disturbance to the east moved in on Lisa and the two began to show a Fujiwhara Effect. Cyclones Fame and Gula are shown in an image from January 29, 2008. The two storms formed just days apart. The storms briefly interacted, although they remained separate storms. Initially, it was thought the two would exhibit more of a Fujiwhara interaction, but despite weakening a bit, the storms stayed intact without causing the weaker of the two storms to dissipate. Sources: Stormchasers: The Hurricane Hunters and Their Fateful Flight Into Hurricane JanetNOAA National Data CenterAnnual Summary of the 2004 Atlantic Hurricane SeasonAnnual Summary of the 1995 Atlantic Hurricane SeasonMonthly Weather Review: An Example of the Fujiwhara Effect in the West Pacific OceanNASA Earth Observatory: Cyclone GulaCyclones Olaf and Nancy

Hume s Argument For The Idea Of Self Or Selfhood

Study Questions: Exam #3 Hume: Identity 1. 3. Hume’s argument for the idea of self or selfhood is that we are just a â€Å"bundle† of perceptions. Our perceptions and experiences are what make us, us. In simplistic terms, not one impression is constant; therefore, we are not one enduring self because our impressions are always changing. He uses the example of links in a chain; all different pieces making up one thing (Perry, 179-182). 2. Hume’s strict empiricism (theory that all knowledge is derivative from sense-experience) comes into play in his rejection of an enduring self when he claims that we cannot always trust our senses and that our senses can â€Å"fool† us. Therefore, how can an enduring self be possible without experience from the senses? (Perry, 178-181) also referred to (Perry, 231). 4. 5. According to Hume, we tend to confuse impressions for ideas. Not one impression is consistent and constant, but ideas can be. This is where people can get the two confused. Impressions relate to feelings while ideas relate to thinking. Ideas are mainly tiny copies of impressions, meaning they are less forceful and less vivacious. We tend to mistake that we have personal identity in the sense that our impressions make us who we are, when in fact, not one impression is constant and consistent; we have many impressions that add up to who we are in this exact moment. People tend to mistake our personal identity as our impressions and who we are now is who we were in the past, when

The effects of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women Free Essays

1. INTRODUCTION This research proposal has been written to show how a study into the effects of Vitamin D on pregnant women may be undertaken. This would be better as â€Å"This is important as it has recently been suggested that the recommended dosage of 10 micrograms of Vitamin D may be incorrect (NHS, 2013). We will write a custom essay sample on The effects of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women or any similar topic only for you Order Now This shall be considered by undertaking an empirical study into whether or not 10 micrograms of Vitamin D should be taken by women during pregnancy. 2. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY This study shall be completed by undertaking an empirical study. This will seek to ascertain if pregnant patients that take the recommended dosage of 10 micrograms attain the benefits, which are stated by the National Health Service (NHS, 2013). This could help to identify if the recent research, which has been published by the University of Bristol and the University of East Anglia, is correct. The ‘Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) – which is also known as Children of the 90s – is a long-term health research project. More than 14,000 mothers enrolled during pregnancy in 1991 and 1992, and the health and development of their children has been followed in great detail ever since ‘ (ALSPAC, 2013). 3. PROBLEM STATEMENT During pregnancy, many women have been told by medical practitioners that they should take the recommended dosage of 10 micrograms of Vitamin D to ensure that their unborn chid develops strong bones and does not develop rickets (NHS, 2013). However, results from the ALSPAC longitudinal study shows that the benefits from taking Vitamin D at the recommended dosage of 10 micrograms during pregnancy may not be so beneficial (Lawlor, Wills and Fraser, 2013). This research seeks to ascertain if these claims are correct and whether or not the recommended dosage of Vitamin D needs to be changed for pregnant women. 4. RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES In conjunction with the problem statement above, the following aims have been formulated: To use available and relevant data, to investigate whether the recommended dosage of 10 micrograms for pregnant women is correct To use the findings from the above aim to make recommendations for how the dosage needs to be altered for pregnant women. Additionally, the following objectives have been developed: To evaluate how a dosage of 10 micrograms of Vitamin D benefits pregnant women. To evaluate how changing the dosage of Vitamin D benefits pregnant women. To make recommendations for the appropriate dosage of Vitamin D which should be taken by pregnant women 5. PROPOSAL STRUCTURE The proposed outline of the dissertation is described in the next section. 6.LITERATURE REVIEW To date, in the United Kingdom the National Health Service has recommended that the effects of a 10 microgram dose of vitamin D is essential to ensure that unborn children develop healthy bones. This is also supported by evidence in the existing academic literature (see as an example: Dror, 2013; Kovacs, 2008; Stephenson, 2006). Therefore, medical practitioners have advised all pregnant women that this is how what they should take during pregnancy (Bui Christin-Maitre, 2011; NHS, 2013). However, recent research, which was published in March 2013, has contradicted this information (ALSPAC, 2013: Lawlor, Wills and Fraser, 2013).These findings need to be explored further as many other research studies have not reached these conclusions. Therefore, to seek to ensure that the correct advice is given to women who are pregnant, it is important that this study is undertaken. 6.1. RESEARCH QUESTIONS In line with the findings from the literature review above, provisionally, the following research questions have been developed. How does a dosage of 10 micrograms of Vitamin D benefits pregnant women How does changing the dosage of Vitamin D benefit pregnant women What is the appropriate dosage of Vitamin D, which should be taken by pregnant women 6.2. METHODOLOGY This study shall be based on a number of patient records, which shall be chosen at random. In examining the records, it is hoped that a comparison between these pregnant women that took a 10-microgram dosage, those that took other amounts and those that took nothing may be compared. Form here it will be possible to seek to understand how much Vitamin D pregnant women should be taking during their pregnancy so that new recommendations may be made if necessary. 6.3. RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY The research philosophy, which has been adopted for this study is positivism. This will allow the empirical investigation to be undertaken and it will be derived from a critical and objective based method (Sundars, 2003). 6.4. RESEARCH APPROACH The research approach, which has chosen for this study is quantitative in nature, as it will be based on a review of existing patient records and undertaking statistical analyses. This will allow the researcher to explore the problem, which was outlined above and to see if any new recommendations should be made to pregnant women. 6.5. RESEARCH STRATEGY The research strategy, which has been chosen for this study is a review of existing patient records. Therefore, a documentation review shall be undertaken. 6.6. DATA COLLECTION The review of patient records shall be undertaken by contacting medical practitioners and patients to seek to attain permission to their records, once this has been achieved, a number of records shall be chosen at random these shall be used to collect information to investigate the research problem. 6.7. DATA ANALYSIS All analyses shall be based on the patient records, which are used during the data collection phase of this study. Statistical tools such as, SPSS shall be utilised to undertake analyses of the results from these patient records. 6.8. ACCESS Access to this these records shall be established by contacting medical practitioners and patients, to identify patients who have been pregnant who are willing to take part in tis research. 6.9. RELIABILITY, VALIDITY, AND GENERALISABILITY The findings from this study should be reliable and repeatable, as patient records shall be chosen at random and empirically analysed. This will ensure that the parameters of the study are net and that the results can be generalised to wider populaces. 6.10. ETHICAL ISSUES Issues such as, patient confidentiality and privacy shall be considered during the design and implementation of this research to seek to ensure that all participants’ details remain confidential and that they are all fully aware of the nature of the research and why it is being conducted. 6.11. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS As this research is based on secondary sources, the data, which is available, may limit the findings. However, if this is the case then the parameters of the study shall be re-examined to seek to ensure that these limitations are minimised where possible. 7 CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study shall be undertaken by seeking to identify and critically evaluate a number of patient records. This will enable the researcher to understand how much vitamin D pregnant women should take to help to ensure that their unborn child has healthy bones. Then a number of recommendations may be made where this is appropriate. 8 TIME CHART TasksTask LeadStartEnd Literature ReviewResearcher01/08/201329/01/2013 Write Up ResultsResearcher29/08/201330/09/2013 Write MethodologyResearcher21/09/201321/10/2013 Contact SubjectsResearcher21/10/201321/01/2014 Collate DataResearcher21/01/201421/10/2014 Examine DataResearcher21/10/201421/12/2014 Write up resultsResearcher21/12/201421/02/2015 Write discussionResearcher21/02/201521/04/2015 Write conclusionsResearcher21/04/201521/08/2015 REFERENCES ALSPAC (2013). Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Available from http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac/ (Accessed 01/08/2013) Bui, T., Christin-Maitre, S. (2011, October). Vitamin D and pregnancy]. In Annales d’endocrinologie (Vol. 72, p. S23). Dror, D. (2013). Vitamin D in pregnancy. In Handbook of vitamin D in human health (pp. 670-691). Wageningen Academic Publishers. Kovacs, C. S. (2008). Vitamin D in pregnancy and lactation: maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes from human and animal studies. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 88(2), 520S-528S. Lawlor DA, Wills AK, Fraser A, (2013) Association of maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy with bone-mineral content in offspring: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet. Published online March 19 2013. NHS (2013) Doubt cast on the benefit of Vitamin D during Pregnancy. Available from http://www.nhs.uk/news/2013/03March/Pages/doubt-cast-on-benefit-of-vitamin-D-in-pregnancy.aspx Accessed (01/08/2013) NICE (2013) Vitamin D and pregnancy. Available from http://www.nice.org.uk Accessed 01/08/2013 Saunders, M. (2003) Research Methods for Business Students. South Africa: Pearson Education. Stephenson, J. (2006). Vitamin D and Pregnancy. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 295(7), 748-748. How to cite The effects of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women, Essay examples

Continuing professional development (CPD) refers to the means

Question: Why This Continuing Professional Development ? Answer: Introduction Continuing professional development (CPD) refers to the means by which an individual belonging to a certain profession maintains a track or a documentary of his skills, knowledge, and experience. The relevance of this is to improve and widen their scope of knowledge, expertise and competence standards (Barr, Kay, John, 2013). It is important in every profession as it helps in developing the personal values and attributes as well as professional qualities which are essential in ones professional life. It can also be evaluated as a portfolio showcasing an individual development as a professional. The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council (ANMC) require that all registered nurses should develop themselves through CPD, to achieve and improve on their competence standards of the nursing and midwifery profession (Lawson, 2011). It has therefore set specific requirements for professional development among nursing practitioners and the registered nurses. These include at least 20 hours CPD, for one to be registered as a nurse or a midwife. If an individual is practicing as both a nurse and midwife, he or she is required to complete at least 20 hours for both registers and further 20 hours for endorsements. One is also required to fill in a record sheet or create a portfolio of his or her development activities, which provides an evidence of CPD attendance in relation to the number of hours attended and other certificates of participation (Ali, 2012). Lastly, the individual are required to take other accredited courses which are usually offered by professional associations in ord er to enhance his or her professional development. Research has also shown that portfolio can be used as evidence of CPD (Lawson, 2011). His research is based on the regulations of the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008a and 2008b). Ali (2008) talks of enhancing or promoting mentor competency. All qualified nurses and midwives are therefore given the responsibility of facilitating learning within the clinical settings and that those taking formal mentoring must complete a course approved by NMC. The second regulation provided in (NMC, 2008b) requires all registered nurses to map their acquired skills and knowledge against the domains of their development framework (Gordon Campbell, 2013). The mentors will, therefore, develop a portfolio for those taking formal mentoring which serves as evidence of CPD and help them in fulfilling their roles of been stage 1 and stage two mentors. The nurses after receiving such mentorship, they will evaluate themselves against the NMC requirements or domains for mentors and identify any knowled ge gaps which may enable them to meet their personal and professional domains. Conclusion The mentors are able to keep a portfolio evidence and information of the students whom they have mentored and can photocopy their details upon the receipt of the consent of the student. They are also able to examine themselves through the use of the SWOT analysis, whereby they analyze their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and potential threats in their mentoring process. Such analysis can, therefore, be used during the annual appraisals with their managers. Upon the completion of an approved mentorship preparation program by the NMC, the nurses become qualified and can be engaged in support services such as teaching and assessment as well as conducting pre- registration of students during practice placements. References Ali, P. A. (2012). Professional development and the role of mentorship. Nursing Standard, 22(42), 35-39 Barr, J., Kay, R John, S (2013). Mandatory continuing professional development requirements: What does this mean for Australian Nurses, 12(9). 1472-6955, doi:10.1186. Gordon, J. A., Campbell, C. M. (2013).The role of ePortfolios in supporting continuing professional development in practice. Medical Teacher, 35(4), 287-294. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2013.773395. Lawson, L (2011). Continuing Professional Development for mentors: Creating a portfolio. Nursing times; 107:21, 15-18.

Flight and The Snake by John Steinbeck Essay Example

Flight and The Snake by John Steinbeck Paper John Steinbeck is a well-known author who was born in Salinas, California in 1902. The town of Salinas later became the setting of many of his stories, includingâ€Å"Flight† and â€Å"The Snake†, which were short stories in the Long Valley. Steinbeck was well known for his writing style. He was a master of imagery and symbolism, and he made sure the reader had a clear picture of what he was writing. In â€Å"Flight† and â€Å"The Snake† he uses animal references for the main characters, Pepe in â€Å"Flight† and the mysterious woman in â€Å"The Snake†. Besides those references, both stories use color symbolism to describe the character and setting. Both Stories also indicate what happens when an individual is stripped of what they are, either material or psychological. Using these references and symbols makes the readers think more deeply into the story. Even though both stories use similar references and symbolism, the two stories are comp letely different. Many interpretations have been given to both stories so many people will have different opinions on what these two stories mean. As with Steinbeck’s other writings, both â€Å"Flight† and â€Å"The Snake† take place in Salinas, California, one setting out in the Torres ranch and the other setting in a laboratory.â€Å"Flight† tells a tale of an unprepared youth’s failure to achieve maturity (Placentino, 1980) and â€Å"The Snake† tells a story about a Marine Biologist meeting a mysterious woman and what effect she has on him. Animal imagery is used throughout both stories. In â€Å"Flight†, Steinbeck describes Pepe as having as having â€Å"sharp Indian cheekbones and his â€Å"eagle nose†, suggesting his primitive animal-like nature (Placentino, 1980). Snake references are also used for Pepe as when he throws his knife, his wrist â€Å"flicked like a head of a snake† (Placentino, 1980).Similarly, in â€Å"The Snake†, the mysterious woman is described as being snakelike, swaying back an We will write a custom essay sample on Flight and The Snake by John Steinbeck specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Flight and The Snake by John Steinbeck specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Flight and The Snake by John Steinbeck specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Daily Devotional †Reglion Essay

Daily Devotional – Reglion Essay Free Online Research Papers Daily Devotional Reglion Essay I would just like to say that writing this devotional is a very new experience for me, somewhat intimidating, a little scary, but very rewarding as well. Although I have been a Christian for going on six years now, I still find it hard to express my feelings. I believe that people will take something away from my devotional due to the very simplistic nature of the writings within it. I very much consider myself a ‘searcher’ but also very much a believer. I don’t know if you can even combine these two definitions and have other Christians still feel what you have to say is relevant. I don’t have extensive biblical knowledge. I am not a regular attendee of church. What I can say is that I have a relationship with a god that wants a relationship with me. Marriage can be a veritable roller coaster of emotion. One minute you are top of the world, the next you are in a freefall, not knowing where this ride is going to take you. There is only one constant in a successful, loving marriage, and that constant would be the very person that created the two parties and nurtured their relationship, our savior Jesus Christ. God is all powerful, this we know, but isn’t it amazing that the creator of all cared enough for us that he created marriage. God understands that one of our most natural and common needs in our lives is companionship. The loving touch of another, a gentle word spoken to encourage, simple displays of interaction can be the most treasured moments of our lives. God created marriage for this reason and another very important reason, to glorify him. Consider this scripture: I Corinthians 11:3 Now I want you to realize that the head of every man is Christ, and the head of the woman is man, and the head of Christ is God. I must admit I had to ponder this scripture for some time. After some time of introspection I feel God is simply saying make me the focus of your marriage. Men be good stewards of the gift God has given you. Look towards God as your authority; use his guidance to build a strong and loving relationship with your wives. Wives trust God in the lives of your husbands. God, Christ, Men, Women, we are all connected. We are extensions of our father, and I cannot think of a better testament to the loving nature of Jesus, than a loving marriage. Questions 1. Do I trust God enough in the life of my significant other? 2. Is God the focus of our Marriage? Research Papers on Daily Devotional - Reglion EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionCapital PunishmentAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHip-Hop is ArtArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)

Kant's Political Writings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Kant's Political Writings - Essay Example However, our choice of leadership may not always be right and appropriate since as men we tend to be wrong at times due to our human nature. Nonetheless, a leader is always needed and we must submit to them irrespective of whether we agree with them fully or not. This was the origin of the supreme rule among men. It was the only way to establish law and order in any social setting irrespective of where that rule comes from. It is therefore an offense to go against the rule of law by organizing any form of resistance to the leaders in authority. Such an action is deemed offensive and should be punished according to the constitution in place. If anyone is against any law or figure of authority, they should find a constitutionally recognized way of placing their complaints without disorganizing or trying to forcefully overrule the structure of power. His approach to leadership in any social setting points to dictatorship and democratic doctrines. These principles cannot coexist hand in hand since one form will take over the other in time. However, these doctrines are beneficial to men in their quest to find stability in their day to day lives. I support his ideology on this subject matter since he gives some pointers to its advantages. He takes us back to the laws of nature that govern the animal and plant kingdoms. According to his third proposition, our full capabilities are only realized when in an organized group and not as an individual. This is because we are social creatures. He gives us an example of trees trying to collectively seek for air and light for their growth and other trees that do not participate in this union but go off on their own. The latter trees grow to be strong and blossom fully while the former do not grow to their full potential. The value of group association is enhanced since it comes with great benefits to the individuals joined in the venture. This does not come easy since they will be some problems experienced in one way or the ot her. These deviations are to be expected since peace comes with a price. This should be dealt with constitutionally as the people look to the greater picture of a centralized form of governance. The leaders should be capable of providing for its citizens and especially for those unable to do so. It then acquires the right to tax its citizens in a bid to avail certain resources for its entire people. This right to tax should not be abused but used for the greater good of its entire people. The people are then given some privileges by the constitution such as those of voting, legal ownership of property and the right to freedom. The right to rule conferred upon the state is given to it by its citizens. This power should be supreme and the means to an end. The leader should be then having more authority than the people he is ruling over. He can lead his people to a resistance but he must have made claim to his actions and offer protection to his subjects. This resistance could be again st the constitution or a part of it. This form of defiance could be unconstitutional since it points to the leader of the resistance as the Supreme authority yet he is meant to be a tool to follow through with the rule of law. This goes against Kant’s principles as it means that there is a flaw in the constitutional framework of the society. This is even graver when a coup is staged by the people who are meant to be subjects upholding the legality of the leadership they choose. Instead they should be able to stage complaints in the most peaceful of manners and if that approach fails, then submitting to the law would come in handy. In the case scenario of the murder of the leader as was seen in the execution of Charles I, there was the deviation from

Book review on Olaudah Equiano Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book review on Olaudah Equiano - Research Paper Example One of Equiano’s masters and a captain in a British trade ship, Henry Pascal, changed Equiano’s name to Gustavus Vassa. This is a name he used his entire life, with an exception of the autobiography’s publishing. Equiano Olaudah travelled extensively during his service to Pascal and succeeding masters. For instance, he visited Holland, England, Gibraltar, Scotland, Nova Scotia, Caribbean, Georgia, South Carolina and the Pennsylvania. After his purchase from Pascal by a Quaker merchant, Robert King, Equiano’s life gradually took a turn. He worked as Mr. King’s clerk and also had the opportunity to explore his minor trades, which enabled him to save some money and later buy his freedom in the year 1766. In the subsequent year, Equiano Olaudah settled down in England where he attended school and worked for Dr. Charles Irving, a prominent scientist, as an assistant. In the year 1792, Equiano married a lady known as Susanna Cullen, with whom they had two daughters before his death in 1797. Equiano’s autobiography is rather intriguing owing to its narrative approach. He begins the book by describing the ordinary life he used to live with his family in Africa, prior to his kidnap. He indicates that he was the last son, hence his mother’s favourite child and irrespective of the large size of his family they had a home and sufficient food. Equiano’s greatest worry was his slight failure in warrior classes, a clear sign of the carefree life he had as a typical young African male. At the tender age of eleven, he heard of rumours that malicious people were kidnapping young children and selling them off as slaves. Equiano remembers climbing trees and looking around to see if these people would come to get him or his siblings. As fate would have it, Equiano, his brother and sister were taken away in the dark of night when his parents were not around. This marked the drastic and change in his life, especially after being separated from his brother and sister. The emotional upheaval caused by the situation is described by the author’s own words that â€Å"She was torn from me and immediately carried away, while I was left in a state of distraction not to be described. I cried and grieved continually, and for several days I did not eat anything but what they forced into my mouth† (54). On reaching a slave market, Equiano got sold and accompanied his new handler to a house where other people spoke his native language, a form of consolation, albeit little given the critical situation. Owing to his dedication to work, Equiano was considered to be the best slave in the house. However, his life changed soon after, when he was loaded into a ship with other slaves with no knowledge of what would happen next. He feigned fainting when being shoved into the ship with the hope of being left behind, to no avail. Equiano had to work as soon as he got into the Virginia bound ship and he remembers how bad the conditions were in the ship, to the extent of most slaves committing suicide by jumping overboard. Equiano spent some little amount of time in a Virginia farm but he was then taken back on the British slave ships and Trade Vessels serving the captains as a trusted slave. It was in the course of sailing, that he was given the name Gustavas Vassa, by Captain Pascal (Equiano 26). When still serving under Captain Pascal, Equiano travelled to many

Water Crisis: Causes, Impact and History

Water Crisis: Causes, Impact and History Fresh water crisis The damages people made to get the water supplies higher has harmed A lot of people and their population has lowered glaciers continue to shrink worldwide, and conflicts are likely to erupt. Others are with no access to water people refuse to sanitize correctly to better the freshwater crisis less than 1% of the population have access to water. The freshwater crisis in the world today is that people are still without access to water sanitation is very low. To help people we can purifying methods The freshwater crisis in todays time The population has changed in many different ways united nations water use has grown more than twice the population. Two thirds of the worlds population is living without water some regions seem relatively flush with fresh water. The water is harder to get than it was twenty years ago it needs work or significant currency to obtain not enough rain is coming in around the places that really needs the water and people are trying to help africans but they can only try so hard without enough water people could pass or suffer. Why fresh water shortage will cause the next global crisis The consequences are providing to be profound reservoirs and aquifers dry its reduced to desert overuse water. Global nature of the crisis in the underlined pumped groundwater farmers rely on it massive loss of ground water. Glaciers continue to shrink worldwide it has increased since the 20th century they have more conflicts to erupt because there dehydrating and its causing them to freak out on others without thinking or carrying of the consequences of their actions and wrong ways they have treated everyone they will do anything at this point to get some water in their houses. Causes and effects and solutions to water crisis Water has been luxury for people living in droughts they have fought with water borne disease but people also take the water they do have for granted.once water becomes polluted it becomes very harmful to humans and animals. It could lead to sickness, infections its polluted dangerous chemicals. People in bigger cities has not complained this reason is because they have more chance of surviving they have a lot more water access than most states these places are around africa and india they get sicker easier than people who have proper drinking water. Causes of water scarcity Human waste is directly dumped in lakes and rivers without proper cleaning so this is causing a health issue and causing people to get very sick and possible death. The leaks from oil spills and landfill leaks are having a effect on humans not being able to get proper drinking water and sanitizing correctly. They are going hungry the farmers dont have enough water to feed their crops so their not getting enough money on the farm causing their business to go down. The more water farmers have the less problems their is to face the crops and animals will not face death and be dehydrated. Threats to water supply side and demand- side problems One supply-side threat arises from instances in which we are withdrawing freshwater from surface water sources and groundwater aquifers at rates faster than replenishment or recharge (T boone pickens). The rates on freshwater crisis have lowered since the 20th century not many humans have much access to water and if they do its not very sanitized its filled with many diseases and bacteria. The population has lowered in small states than in large this has been an issue and we havent found a solution to solve this The population on death and diseases The cities have lowered with their population in small states. While nations so far have found more reasons to cooperate than go to war over water, pressures are mounting rapidly with rising population and absolute scarcity levels(STEVEN SOLOMON). The greater, imminent risk today is failed states, and all the fall-out they will spread.So many families have lost many important family members and knowing that in a few days that will be them lying there begging for forgiveness. To many deaths for something that could be fixed or the people suffering be saved and moved to someone that can help them have a future. Works Cited The Crisis. Britannica School, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 3 Feb. 2017. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/The-Crisis/2977. Accessed 10 Feb. 2017. Henry, Tom. Water Crisis Grips Hundreds of Thousands in Toledo Area, State of Emergency Declared. Blade, The (OH) 03 Aug. 2014: Newspaper Source. Web. 8 Feb. 2017. Inland Water Ecosystem. Britannica School, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 18 Sep. 2016. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/inland-water-ecosystem/117268. Accessed 7 Feb. 2017. Interlandi, Jeneen, and Ryan Tracy. Fresh Water Is Becoming a Privatized Commodity Instead of a Public Trust. Will the World Run Out of Fresh Water? Ed. David M. Haugen and Susan Musser. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. of The New Oil. Newsweek 18 Oct. 2010: n. pag. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 8 Feb. 2017. Water. Britannica School, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 15 Apr. 2016. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/water/76210. Accessed 7 Feb. 2017.

Brice Family Essay

The Brice family consisted of a family unit of five. The father Davie a lawyer, the mother Caroline, their teenage daughter Claudia, the younger daughter Laura and younger son Don. The family was referred by a psychiatrist who had been seeing Claudia, but felt the whole family needed to be in therapy. The first session was a challenge, the family agreed to go in all together only for the initial session and they were not very comfortable to begin with. The mother Caroline felt the problem that should be address was the issues their teen daughter was having and she did not believe the entire family should be there. Both the mother and daughter came in angry to the therapy session and there was a lot of tension in the room. The father was respectful and stated he was happy to be there, but his body language told the therapist he has not comfortable being there. The youngest daughter Laura seemed to be in a cheerful mood with high energy. The youngest son Don did not show up for the first session. During the session there was an argument that broke out between mother and daughter, Carolyn seems to think they are in therapy to resolve the daughter’s issues that is affecting the entire family, but she does not feel the family as a unit has a problem. Both therapists agreed that it would not be ideal to start the family session without the youngest son Don who did not show up. David and Carolyn did not seem happy with this choice and felt the longer they waited  for their daughter to get help the worst it would get. Carl explain the dynamics of the family and how important it was to have Don at the initiation of the family session, and asked the family to think if they wanted to be a part of the family they are in, and if they did to call and set up a time for the next session with Don include. Dave did not hesitate and agreed to set up an appointment then and there; he looked over at his wife and asked he if she agreed. Carolyn agreed and towards the end of the session Carl connected with Laura the youngest daughter by engaging her in dialog and asking what she thought about everything that was going on in the family. By doing this Carl was able to show the family how every member of the family has a valuable place in therapy, and it is not just about one person. Second Session The second session with the Brice family was as intense as the first one. Don the younger brother did attend the second session. He came in with a sloppy walk. Don has long blond hair and dressed in body shirt jeans and sandals. He introduced himself to Carl and seemed confident. Once the family was settle and the session started the focus of the session would always seem to try and come back to Claudia. Both parents think that Claudia is the cause of the family dysfunction and their marriage is in trouble because of her. Carl did a great job by taking the focus away from Claudia and putting it back on both parents. He was able to have them see that there were other issues that stemmed with them as a couple, and the structure of the family unit. David over working and not being a part of the family and Carolyn being over involved with her mother and her needs. Whitaker and Napier conceptualized the family’s difficulties as a whole problem. They did not see it stem form one family member. They felt the family all had some issues as individuals and as a couple for the parents that were not address when they should have been. Because the issues were set aside they resurfaced and intensified along with Claudia’s changing attitude and miss behavior. This is one of the reasons both parents seem to focus on Claudia and identified her as the main cause of the family’s problems. When using individual understanding of a family’s problem each family member is seen separate. The family is not taken in as a unit, but instead they work on the individual to be able to create harmony in the family. Each member issue are addressed  individually and worked on without the rest of the family having a part. When looked at as individual there is a targeted behavior the individual is seeing as the problem not the family unit as a whole. Carl used the systemic family approach with the Brice family, both therapist looked at the circular interaction of the family problem, the family role of each family member and how they fit in to contributing to the family dysfunction and made sure the entire family was present for the first intervention. Both therapist looked for positive contributions to the social organization of the family that they could look back on to start working with the family as one unit and not focus on one member of the family to be the problem. One of the interventions came by the simple sitting arrangement the family had. The family in the beginning of the session unconsciously sat according to the family structure and how they felt it was. By having the therapist change the seating arrangements was a symbolic change and shift in the family structure to what it should be. Systematic therapy seems to be the best time of therapy for the Brice family. In this paper I have talked about the first two sessions of the Brice family, I have included Whitaker’s and Napier’s conceptualization of the families difficulties and described ho this differs from individual understanding. I also talked about specific interventions used with the family.

Ethical Theory on Cyberslacking Affect on It Industry Essay

Cyberslacking a term used to describe employees who surf the net for their personal use such as writing e-mail or indulging in other internet-related activities at work that are not related to their jobs. These activities are performed during periods of time when they are being paid by their employer. The individual who perform such work is known as Cyberslacker while the whole act is called Cyberslacking. In contrast Robert Nozick (1974) state that â€Å"Rights-based ethical theory assumes that individuals have certain entitlements that should be respected such as freedom of speech, the right of privacy, and due process†. It describes about developing a moral system that identifies the right of others and behaves accordingly to that rights. As high speed internet is basic requirements for the IT industry for their development, some employee may be misusing the facility for their personal purpose stating that they are doing multitasking. Workers in company spending time on internet for the personal use sending emails, surfing internet, shopping online are the common issue faced by today’s IT industry . As e-mail and high-speed Internet access have become standard-issue office equipment, uncontrolled abuse of computers in the workplace is affecting the productivity. For company, Cyberslacking is becoming a distributive and a complex problem in the IT industry. Different type of employee can prosecute in Cyberslacking, it is usually shows that employees in lower positions in the organisation with access of internet and their higher status colleagues, such as manager, are the main offenders. I strongly believe that most of the company get strongly affected by Cyberslacking. The time employees misuse the resources, but for which they are paid, as well as the company paying the internet charges and electricity bills and equipment are properly considered objects of theft. Something of economic value of company has obviously been stolen know as indirect theft so sorting out all these issue within company is very complicated. Cyberslacking effect the IT Company your work its productivity ,Higher wages ,economy ,increase network traffic ,staff member ,efficiency and security . Some company use different kind of softwares to monitor their workers. These programs can record every keystroke an employee types, even capturing words that the individual later erases. The same software tracks which Web sites a worker visits, and issues an alert when an employee begins surfing an X-rated website. Installation of proxy servers to prevent programs from accessing resources like Chat, Instant Messenger, or some online shopping and gambling services. Now monitoring the workers raise the question invasion of privacy of workers. As it is seems to be perfectly legal to monitor the workers while working in IT Company. While morally a workers think it is right to surf the internet as the working hours constantly invade their homes as they put the hours of effort for their office works. So it is the perfect situation where right based ethical issue describe two types of contract one is legal contracts where other is moral contracts . Both contracts are based on rights of individual or groups and both compel about the respecting the rights. As worker think doing no harm to company by using the office resources for their personal use. As social contract include the rights for workers or individual such freedom of speech, the right of privacy, the right for vote, the right of access to basic education and the right of access of health care . Also IT Company got its own rules and regulation which is need to followed by workers with in company. So there is a maximum chance of conflict between rights of worker within company and as an individual. Respecting the others right and using individual right effectively might help to minimise this problem. There are only individual people, different individual people, with their own individual lives. Using one of these people for the benefit of others uses him and benefits the others. What happens is that something is done to him for the sake of the others. Talk of an overall social good covers this To use a person in this way does not sufficiently respect the fact and take account of the fact that he is a separate person, that his is the only life he has. So as an individual if some one follow the rights of individual there is always a maximum chance of more Cyberslacking . As he give more priority to his own rights and giving minimum priority to IT Company Rights. There are some positive and negative rights on these issues, negative rights which need to be protected from interference e. g. right to vote, right to privacy. And negative right should be respected by the action of individual who abuse these rights. So in IT Company there should be some guidelines for addressing such issue so that workers will focus on company productivity rather than wasting their time in cyber world . Positive rights require positive action it is also known as welfare right such as right to basic education. Providing basic education and basic health care rights for workers with in company maximise the bonding between IT Company and its workers. As workers feel that their company addressing the basic health and education rights for them so they emotionally attached with the company. As we know ACS codes of ethics state that one should be places the interest of public above your personal choice. So as employee of IT Company own should place the interest of company above his personal interest. So giving the priorities to the company work rather Surfing internet using social networks while in work . ACS also address the issue of honesty, competence, professional development and professionalism . So if an employee are honest they should be give the priority for the works when they are working for company. Be honest with your company and yourself. Follow the rules and regulation of your company . More you work for company more professional and experience are the workers and increase their professional development . Competing and developing the professionalism in the company will help to minimise the Cyberslacking Legal rights such as company rights designed by the lawmakers of the company which should be followed by the employee and employers of the company should address the issue such as penalizing the employee if they caught using office resources for their personal use. While rewarding employee who gives the information about others using an internet for personal purpose. Beneficial rights, welfare rights for the employee so that they focus on the company productivity . While moral rights for individual who respects the others right which is decided by the workers culture and the relationship between company and other workers. Morally supporting your company for the better productivity. A set of moral rules to govern the workers in the company is useful for addressing such issues. And a company capable of forcing these rights and rules would be beneficial for both company and employee. So it helps in developing common goods within company which eventually help to reduce a Cyberslacking in the IT Company. So in conclusion Cyberslacking affect the IT Company by minimising its productivity as company workers focus on their personal issues using office resources and giving minimum effort for the company goals. Company using different kind of software to monitor minimize it. Right based theory uses two concept legal rights and moral rights . Balancing the legal rights and moral rights in the company rules and regulation will help to minimise the Cyberlacking . Addressing ACS code of ethics to develop a legal right of the company is useful for this issue. However there is always out chance that moral responsibilities that exist out side the legal responsibilities. Using positive rights to implement the legal rights and minimising the negative rights to implement moral rights with the help of ACS code of ethics certainly help to reduce the Cyberslacking. At the end With the help ACS code of ethics and Right based ethical cyberslacking is not permitted In IT Company.

The Advantage of Marginal Analysis for Decision Making

From an economists perspective, making choices involves making decisions at the margin -- that is, making decisions based on small changes in resources: How should I spend the next hour?How should I spend the next dollar? In fact, economist Greg Mankiw lists under the 10 principles of economics in his popular economics textbook the notion that rational people think at the margin.  On the surface, this seems like a strange way of considering the choices made by people and firms. It is rare that someone would consciously ask themselves -- How will I spend dollar number 24,387? or How will I spend dollar number 24,388? The idea of marginal analysis doesnt require that people explicitly think in this way, just that their actions are consistent with what they would do if they did think in this way.    Approaching decision making from a marginal analysis perspective does have some distinct advantages: Doing so leads to the optimal decisions being made, subject to preferences, resources and informational constraints.It makes the problem less messy from an analytic point of view, as we are not trying to analyze a million decisions at once.While this does not exactly mimic conscious decision-making processes, it does provide results similar to the decisions people actually make. That is, people may not think using this method, but the decisions they make are as if they do. Marginal analysis can be applied to both individual and firm decision making. For firms, profit maximization is achieved by weighing marginal revenue versus marginal cost. For individuals, utility maximization is achieved by weighing the  marginal benefit versus marginal cost. Note, however, that in both contexts the decision maker is performing an incremental form of cost-benefit analysis. Marginal Analysis: An Example To gain some more insight, consider the decision regarding how many hours to work, where the benefits and costs of working are designated by the following chart:Hour - Hourly Wage - Value of TimeHour 1: $10 - $2Hour 2: $10 - $2Hour 3: $10 - $3Hour 4: $10 - $3Hour 5: $10 - $4Hour 6: $10 - $5Hour 7: $10 - $6Hour 8: $10 - $8Hour 9: $15 - $9Hour 10: $15 - $12Hour 11: $15 - $18Hour 12: $15 - $20The hourly wage represents what one earns for working an extra hour - it is the marginal gain or the marginal benefit.The value of time is essentially an opportunity cost  -- it is how much one values having that hour off. In this example, it represents a marginal cost -- what it costs an individual to work an additional hour. The increase in marginal costs is a common phenomenon; one usually doesnt mind working a few hours since there are 24 hours in a day. She still has plenty of time to do other things. However, as an individual starts to work more hours, it reduces the number of hours she has for other activities. She has to start giving up more and more valuable opportunities to work those extra hours.It is clear that she should work the first hour, as she gains $10 in marginal benefits and loses only $2 in marginal costs, for a net gain of $8.By the same logic, she should work the second and third hours as well. She will want to work until the time at which the marginal cost exceeds the marginal benefit. She will also want to work the 10th hour as she receives a net benefit of #3 (marginal benefit of $15, marginal cost of $12). However, she will not want to work the 11th hour, as the marginal cost ($18) exceeds the marginal benefit ($15) by three dollars.Thus marginal analysis suggests that rational maximizing behavior is to work for 10 hours. More generally, optimal outcomes are achieved by examining marginal benefit and marginal cost for each incremental action and performing all of the actions where marginal benefit exceeds the  marginal cost and none of the acti ons where marginal cost exceeds the  marginal benefit. Because marginal benefits tend to decrease as one does more of an activity but marginal costs tend to increase, the  marginal analysis will usually define a unique optimal level of activity.