Water Crisis: Causes, Impact and History

Water Crisis: Causes, Impact and History Fresh water crisis The damages people made to get the water supplies higher has harmed A lot of people and their population has lowered glaciers continue to shrink worldwide, and conflicts are likely to erupt. Others are with no access to water people refuse to sanitize correctly to better the freshwater crisis less than 1% of the population have access to water. The freshwater crisis in the world today is that people are still without access to water sanitation is very low. To help people we can purifying methods The freshwater crisis in todays time The population has changed in many different ways united nations water use has grown more than twice the population. Two thirds of the worlds population is living without water some regions seem relatively flush with fresh water. The water is harder to get than it was twenty years ago it needs work or significant currency to obtain not enough rain is coming in around the places that really needs the water and people are trying to help africans but they can only try so hard without enough water people could pass or suffer. Why fresh water shortage will cause the next global crisis The consequences are providing to be profound reservoirs and aquifers dry its reduced to desert overuse water. Global nature of the crisis in the underlined pumped groundwater farmers rely on it massive loss of ground water. Glaciers continue to shrink worldwide it has increased since the 20th century they have more conflicts to erupt because there dehydrating and its causing them to freak out on others without thinking or carrying of the consequences of their actions and wrong ways they have treated everyone they will do anything at this point to get some water in their houses. Causes and effects and solutions to water crisis Water has been luxury for people living in droughts they have fought with water borne disease but people also take the water they do have for granted.once water becomes polluted it becomes very harmful to humans and animals. It could lead to sickness, infections its polluted dangerous chemicals. People in bigger cities has not complained this reason is because they have more chance of surviving they have a lot more water access than most states these places are around africa and india they get sicker easier than people who have proper drinking water. Causes of water scarcity Human waste is directly dumped in lakes and rivers without proper cleaning so this is causing a health issue and causing people to get very sick and possible death. The leaks from oil spills and landfill leaks are having a effect on humans not being able to get proper drinking water and sanitizing correctly. They are going hungry the farmers dont have enough water to feed their crops so their not getting enough money on the farm causing their business to go down. The more water farmers have the less problems their is to face the crops and animals will not face death and be dehydrated. Threats to water supply side and demand- side problems One supply-side threat arises from instances in which we are withdrawing freshwater from surface water sources and groundwater aquifers at rates faster than replenishment or recharge (T boone pickens). The rates on freshwater crisis have lowered since the 20th century not many humans have much access to water and if they do its not very sanitized its filled with many diseases and bacteria. The population has lowered in small states than in large this has been an issue and we havent found a solution to solve this The population on death and diseases The cities have lowered with their population in small states. While nations so far have found more reasons to cooperate than go to war over water, pressures are mounting rapidly with rising population and absolute scarcity levels(STEVEN SOLOMON). The greater, imminent risk today is failed states, and all the fall-out they will spread.So many families have lost many important family members and knowing that in a few days that will be them lying there begging for forgiveness. To many deaths for something that could be fixed or the people suffering be saved and moved to someone that can help them have a future. Works Cited The Crisis. Britannica School, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 3 Feb. 2017. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/The-Crisis/2977. Accessed 10 Feb. 2017. Henry, Tom. Water Crisis Grips Hundreds of Thousands in Toledo Area, State of Emergency Declared. Blade, The (OH) 03 Aug. 2014: Newspaper Source. Web. 8 Feb. 2017. Inland Water Ecosystem. Britannica School, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 18 Sep. 2016. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/inland-water-ecosystem/117268. Accessed 7 Feb. 2017. Interlandi, Jeneen, and Ryan Tracy. Fresh Water Is Becoming a Privatized Commodity Instead of a Public Trust. Will the World Run Out of Fresh Water? Ed. David M. Haugen and Susan Musser. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. of The New Oil. Newsweek 18 Oct. 2010: n. pag. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 8 Feb. 2017. Water. Britannica School, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 15 Apr. 2016. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/water/76210. Accessed 7 Feb. 2017.

Brice Family Essay

The Brice family consisted of a family unit of five. The father Davie a lawyer, the mother Caroline, their teenage daughter Claudia, the younger daughter Laura and younger son Don. The family was referred by a psychiatrist who had been seeing Claudia, but felt the whole family needed to be in therapy. The first session was a challenge, the family agreed to go in all together only for the initial session and they were not very comfortable to begin with. The mother Caroline felt the problem that should be address was the issues their teen daughter was having and she did not believe the entire family should be there. Both the mother and daughter came in angry to the therapy session and there was a lot of tension in the room. The father was respectful and stated he was happy to be there, but his body language told the therapist he has not comfortable being there. The youngest daughter Laura seemed to be in a cheerful mood with high energy. The youngest son Don did not show up for the first session. During the session there was an argument that broke out between mother and daughter, Carolyn seems to think they are in therapy to resolve the daughter’s issues that is affecting the entire family, but she does not feel the family as a unit has a problem. Both therapists agreed that it would not be ideal to start the family session without the youngest son Don who did not show up. David and Carolyn did not seem happy with this choice and felt the longer they waited  for their daughter to get help the worst it would get. Carl explain the dynamics of the family and how important it was to have Don at the initiation of the family session, and asked the family to think if they wanted to be a part of the family they are in, and if they did to call and set up a time for the next session with Don include. Dave did not hesitate and agreed to set up an appointment then and there; he looked over at his wife and asked he if she agreed. Carolyn agreed and towards the end of the session Carl connected with Laura the youngest daughter by engaging her in dialog and asking what she thought about everything that was going on in the family. By doing this Carl was able to show the family how every member of the family has a valuable place in therapy, and it is not just about one person. Second Session The second session with the Brice family was as intense as the first one. Don the younger brother did attend the second session. He came in with a sloppy walk. Don has long blond hair and dressed in body shirt jeans and sandals. He introduced himself to Carl and seemed confident. Once the family was settle and the session started the focus of the session would always seem to try and come back to Claudia. Both parents think that Claudia is the cause of the family dysfunction and their marriage is in trouble because of her. Carl did a great job by taking the focus away from Claudia and putting it back on both parents. He was able to have them see that there were other issues that stemmed with them as a couple, and the structure of the family unit. David over working and not being a part of the family and Carolyn being over involved with her mother and her needs. Whitaker and Napier conceptualized the family’s difficulties as a whole problem. They did not see it stem form one family member. They felt the family all had some issues as individuals and as a couple for the parents that were not address when they should have been. Because the issues were set aside they resurfaced and intensified along with Claudia’s changing attitude and miss behavior. This is one of the reasons both parents seem to focus on Claudia and identified her as the main cause of the family’s problems. When using individual understanding of a family’s problem each family member is seen separate. The family is not taken in as a unit, but instead they work on the individual to be able to create harmony in the family. Each member issue are addressed  individually and worked on without the rest of the family having a part. When looked at as individual there is a targeted behavior the individual is seeing as the problem not the family unit as a whole. Carl used the systemic family approach with the Brice family, both therapist looked at the circular interaction of the family problem, the family role of each family member and how they fit in to contributing to the family dysfunction and made sure the entire family was present for the first intervention. Both therapist looked for positive contributions to the social organization of the family that they could look back on to start working with the family as one unit and not focus on one member of the family to be the problem. One of the interventions came by the simple sitting arrangement the family had. The family in the beginning of the session unconsciously sat according to the family structure and how they felt it was. By having the therapist change the seating arrangements was a symbolic change and shift in the family structure to what it should be. Systematic therapy seems to be the best time of therapy for the Brice family. In this paper I have talked about the first two sessions of the Brice family, I have included Whitaker’s and Napier’s conceptualization of the families difficulties and described ho this differs from individual understanding. I also talked about specific interventions used with the family.

Ethical Theory on Cyberslacking Affect on It Industry Essay

Cyberslacking a term used to describe employees who surf the net for their personal use such as writing e-mail or indulging in other internet-related activities at work that are not related to their jobs. These activities are performed during periods of time when they are being paid by their employer. The individual who perform such work is known as Cyberslacker while the whole act is called Cyberslacking. In contrast Robert Nozick (1974) state that â€Å"Rights-based ethical theory assumes that individuals have certain entitlements that should be respected such as freedom of speech, the right of privacy, and due process†. It describes about developing a moral system that identifies the right of others and behaves accordingly to that rights. As high speed internet is basic requirements for the IT industry for their development, some employee may be misusing the facility for their personal purpose stating that they are doing multitasking. Workers in company spending time on internet for the personal use sending emails, surfing internet, shopping online are the common issue faced by today’s IT industry . As e-mail and high-speed Internet access have become standard-issue office equipment, uncontrolled abuse of computers in the workplace is affecting the productivity. For company, Cyberslacking is becoming a distributive and a complex problem in the IT industry. Different type of employee can prosecute in Cyberslacking, it is usually shows that employees in lower positions in the organisation with access of internet and their higher status colleagues, such as manager, are the main offenders. I strongly believe that most of the company get strongly affected by Cyberslacking. The time employees misuse the resources, but for which they are paid, as well as the company paying the internet charges and electricity bills and equipment are properly considered objects of theft. Something of economic value of company has obviously been stolen know as indirect theft so sorting out all these issue within company is very complicated. Cyberslacking effect the IT Company your work its productivity ,Higher wages ,economy ,increase network traffic ,staff member ,efficiency and security . Some company use different kind of softwares to monitor their workers. These programs can record every keystroke an employee types, even capturing words that the individual later erases. The same software tracks which Web sites a worker visits, and issues an alert when an employee begins surfing an X-rated website. Installation of proxy servers to prevent programs from accessing resources like Chat, Instant Messenger, or some online shopping and gambling services. Now monitoring the workers raise the question invasion of privacy of workers. As it is seems to be perfectly legal to monitor the workers while working in IT Company. While morally a workers think it is right to surf the internet as the working hours constantly invade their homes as they put the hours of effort for their office works. So it is the perfect situation where right based ethical issue describe two types of contract one is legal contracts where other is moral contracts . Both contracts are based on rights of individual or groups and both compel about the respecting the rights. As worker think doing no harm to company by using the office resources for their personal use. As social contract include the rights for workers or individual such freedom of speech, the right of privacy, the right for vote, the right of access to basic education and the right of access of health care . Also IT Company got its own rules and regulation which is need to followed by workers with in company. So there is a maximum chance of conflict between rights of worker within company and as an individual. Respecting the others right and using individual right effectively might help to minimise this problem. There are only individual people, different individual people, with their own individual lives. Using one of these people for the benefit of others uses him and benefits the others. What happens is that something is done to him for the sake of the others. Talk of an overall social good covers this To use a person in this way does not sufficiently respect the fact and take account of the fact that he is a separate person, that his is the only life he has. So as an individual if some one follow the rights of individual there is always a maximum chance of more Cyberslacking . As he give more priority to his own rights and giving minimum priority to IT Company Rights. There are some positive and negative rights on these issues, negative rights which need to be protected from interference e. g. right to vote, right to privacy. And negative right should be respected by the action of individual who abuse these rights. So in IT Company there should be some guidelines for addressing such issue so that workers will focus on company productivity rather than wasting their time in cyber world . Positive rights require positive action it is also known as welfare right such as right to basic education. Providing basic education and basic health care rights for workers with in company maximise the bonding between IT Company and its workers. As workers feel that their company addressing the basic health and education rights for them so they emotionally attached with the company. As we know ACS codes of ethics state that one should be places the interest of public above your personal choice. So as employee of IT Company own should place the interest of company above his personal interest. So giving the priorities to the company work rather Surfing internet using social networks while in work . ACS also address the issue of honesty, competence, professional development and professionalism . So if an employee are honest they should be give the priority for the works when they are working for company. Be honest with your company and yourself. Follow the rules and regulation of your company . More you work for company more professional and experience are the workers and increase their professional development . Competing and developing the professionalism in the company will help to minimise the Cyberslacking Legal rights such as company rights designed by the lawmakers of the company which should be followed by the employee and employers of the company should address the issue such as penalizing the employee if they caught using office resources for their personal use. While rewarding employee who gives the information about others using an internet for personal purpose. Beneficial rights, welfare rights for the employee so that they focus on the company productivity . While moral rights for individual who respects the others right which is decided by the workers culture and the relationship between company and other workers. Morally supporting your company for the better productivity. A set of moral rules to govern the workers in the company is useful for addressing such issues. And a company capable of forcing these rights and rules would be beneficial for both company and employee. So it helps in developing common goods within company which eventually help to reduce a Cyberslacking in the IT Company. So in conclusion Cyberslacking affect the IT Company by minimising its productivity as company workers focus on their personal issues using office resources and giving minimum effort for the company goals. Company using different kind of software to monitor minimize it. Right based theory uses two concept legal rights and moral rights . Balancing the legal rights and moral rights in the company rules and regulation will help to minimise the Cyberlacking . Addressing ACS code of ethics to develop a legal right of the company is useful for this issue. However there is always out chance that moral responsibilities that exist out side the legal responsibilities. Using positive rights to implement the legal rights and minimising the negative rights to implement moral rights with the help of ACS code of ethics certainly help to reduce the Cyberslacking. At the end With the help ACS code of ethics and Right based ethical cyberslacking is not permitted In IT Company.

The Advantage of Marginal Analysis for Decision Making

From an economists perspective, making choices involves making decisions at the margin -- that is, making decisions based on small changes in resources: How should I spend the next hour?How should I spend the next dollar? In fact, economist Greg Mankiw lists under the 10 principles of economics in his popular economics textbook the notion that rational people think at the margin.  On the surface, this seems like a strange way of considering the choices made by people and firms. It is rare that someone would consciously ask themselves -- How will I spend dollar number 24,387? or How will I spend dollar number 24,388? The idea of marginal analysis doesnt require that people explicitly think in this way, just that their actions are consistent with what they would do if they did think in this way.    Approaching decision making from a marginal analysis perspective does have some distinct advantages: Doing so leads to the optimal decisions being made, subject to preferences, resources and informational constraints.It makes the problem less messy from an analytic point of view, as we are not trying to analyze a million decisions at once.While this does not exactly mimic conscious decision-making processes, it does provide results similar to the decisions people actually make. That is, people may not think using this method, but the decisions they make are as if they do. Marginal analysis can be applied to both individual and firm decision making. For firms, profit maximization is achieved by weighing marginal revenue versus marginal cost. For individuals, utility maximization is achieved by weighing the  marginal benefit versus marginal cost. Note, however, that in both contexts the decision maker is performing an incremental form of cost-benefit analysis. Marginal Analysis: An Example To gain some more insight, consider the decision regarding how many hours to work, where the benefits and costs of working are designated by the following chart:Hour - Hourly Wage - Value of TimeHour 1: $10 - $2Hour 2: $10 - $2Hour 3: $10 - $3Hour 4: $10 - $3Hour 5: $10 - $4Hour 6: $10 - $5Hour 7: $10 - $6Hour 8: $10 - $8Hour 9: $15 - $9Hour 10: $15 - $12Hour 11: $15 - $18Hour 12: $15 - $20The hourly wage represents what one earns for working an extra hour - it is the marginal gain or the marginal benefit.The value of time is essentially an opportunity cost  -- it is how much one values having that hour off. In this example, it represents a marginal cost -- what it costs an individual to work an additional hour. The increase in marginal costs is a common phenomenon; one usually doesnt mind working a few hours since there are 24 hours in a day. She still has plenty of time to do other things. However, as an individual starts to work more hours, it reduces the number of hours she has for other activities. She has to start giving up more and more valuable opportunities to work those extra hours.It is clear that she should work the first hour, as she gains $10 in marginal benefits and loses only $2 in marginal costs, for a net gain of $8.By the same logic, she should work the second and third hours as well. She will want to work until the time at which the marginal cost exceeds the marginal benefit. She will also want to work the 10th hour as she receives a net benefit of #3 (marginal benefit of $15, marginal cost of $12). However, she will not want to work the 11th hour, as the marginal cost ($18) exceeds the marginal benefit ($15) by three dollars.Thus marginal analysis suggests that rational maximizing behavior is to work for 10 hours. More generally, optimal outcomes are achieved by examining marginal benefit and marginal cost for each incremental action and performing all of the actions where marginal benefit exceeds the  marginal cost and none of the acti ons where marginal cost exceeds the  marginal benefit. Because marginal benefits tend to decrease as one does more of an activity but marginal costs tend to increase, the  marginal analysis will usually define a unique optimal level of activity.