Hume s Argument For The Idea Of Self Or Selfhood

Study Questions: Exam #3 Hume: Identity 1. 3. Hume’s argument for the idea of self or selfhood is that we are just a â€Å"bundle† of perceptions. Our perceptions and experiences are what make us, us. In simplistic terms, not one impression is constant; therefore, we are not one enduring self because our impressions are always changing. He uses the example of links in a chain; all different pieces making up one thing (Perry, 179-182). 2. Hume’s strict empiricism (theory that all knowledge is derivative from sense-experience) comes into play in his rejection of an enduring self when he claims that we cannot always trust our senses and that our senses can â€Å"fool† us. Therefore, how can an enduring self be possible without experience from the senses? (Perry, 178-181) also referred to (Perry, 231). 4. 5. According to Hume, we tend to confuse impressions for ideas. Not one impression is consistent and constant, but ideas can be. This is where people can get the two confused. Impressions relate to feelings while ideas relate to thinking. Ideas are mainly tiny copies of impressions, meaning they are less forceful and less vivacious. We tend to mistake that we have personal identity in the sense that our impressions make us who we are, when in fact, not one impression is constant and consistent; we have many impressions that add up to who we are in this exact moment. People tend to mistake our personal identity as our impressions and who we are now is who we were in the past, when

The effects of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women Free Essays

1. INTRODUCTION This research proposal has been written to show how a study into the effects of Vitamin D on pregnant women may be undertaken. This would be better as â€Å"This is important as it has recently been suggested that the recommended dosage of 10 micrograms of Vitamin D may be incorrect (NHS, 2013). We will write a custom essay sample on The effects of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women or any similar topic only for you Order Now This shall be considered by undertaking an empirical study into whether or not 10 micrograms of Vitamin D should be taken by women during pregnancy. 2. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY This study shall be completed by undertaking an empirical study. This will seek to ascertain if pregnant patients that take the recommended dosage of 10 micrograms attain the benefits, which are stated by the National Health Service (NHS, 2013). This could help to identify if the recent research, which has been published by the University of Bristol and the University of East Anglia, is correct. The ‘Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) – which is also known as Children of the 90s – is a long-term health research project. More than 14,000 mothers enrolled during pregnancy in 1991 and 1992, and the health and development of their children has been followed in great detail ever since ‘ (ALSPAC, 2013). 3. PROBLEM STATEMENT During pregnancy, many women have been told by medical practitioners that they should take the recommended dosage of 10 micrograms of Vitamin D to ensure that their unborn chid develops strong bones and does not develop rickets (NHS, 2013). However, results from the ALSPAC longitudinal study shows that the benefits from taking Vitamin D at the recommended dosage of 10 micrograms during pregnancy may not be so beneficial (Lawlor, Wills and Fraser, 2013). This research seeks to ascertain if these claims are correct and whether or not the recommended dosage of Vitamin D needs to be changed for pregnant women. 4. RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES In conjunction with the problem statement above, the following aims have been formulated: To use available and relevant data, to investigate whether the recommended dosage of 10 micrograms for pregnant women is correct To use the findings from the above aim to make recommendations for how the dosage needs to be altered for pregnant women. Additionally, the following objectives have been developed: To evaluate how a dosage of 10 micrograms of Vitamin D benefits pregnant women. To evaluate how changing the dosage of Vitamin D benefits pregnant women. To make recommendations for the appropriate dosage of Vitamin D which should be taken by pregnant women 5. PROPOSAL STRUCTURE The proposed outline of the dissertation is described in the next section. 6.LITERATURE REVIEW To date, in the United Kingdom the National Health Service has recommended that the effects of a 10 microgram dose of vitamin D is essential to ensure that unborn children develop healthy bones. This is also supported by evidence in the existing academic literature (see as an example: Dror, 2013; Kovacs, 2008; Stephenson, 2006). Therefore, medical practitioners have advised all pregnant women that this is how what they should take during pregnancy (Bui Christin-Maitre, 2011; NHS, 2013). However, recent research, which was published in March 2013, has contradicted this information (ALSPAC, 2013: Lawlor, Wills and Fraser, 2013).These findings need to be explored further as many other research studies have not reached these conclusions. Therefore, to seek to ensure that the correct advice is given to women who are pregnant, it is important that this study is undertaken. 6.1. RESEARCH QUESTIONS In line with the findings from the literature review above, provisionally, the following research questions have been developed. How does a dosage of 10 micrograms of Vitamin D benefits pregnant women How does changing the dosage of Vitamin D benefit pregnant women What is the appropriate dosage of Vitamin D, which should be taken by pregnant women 6.2. METHODOLOGY This study shall be based on a number of patient records, which shall be chosen at random. In examining the records, it is hoped that a comparison between these pregnant women that took a 10-microgram dosage, those that took other amounts and those that took nothing may be compared. Form here it will be possible to seek to understand how much Vitamin D pregnant women should be taking during their pregnancy so that new recommendations may be made if necessary. 6.3. RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY The research philosophy, which has been adopted for this study is positivism. This will allow the empirical investigation to be undertaken and it will be derived from a critical and objective based method (Sundars, 2003). 6.4. RESEARCH APPROACH The research approach, which has chosen for this study is quantitative in nature, as it will be based on a review of existing patient records and undertaking statistical analyses. This will allow the researcher to explore the problem, which was outlined above and to see if any new recommendations should be made to pregnant women. 6.5. RESEARCH STRATEGY The research strategy, which has been chosen for this study is a review of existing patient records. Therefore, a documentation review shall be undertaken. 6.6. DATA COLLECTION The review of patient records shall be undertaken by contacting medical practitioners and patients to seek to attain permission to their records, once this has been achieved, a number of records shall be chosen at random these shall be used to collect information to investigate the research problem. 6.7. DATA ANALYSIS All analyses shall be based on the patient records, which are used during the data collection phase of this study. Statistical tools such as, SPSS shall be utilised to undertake analyses of the results from these patient records. 6.8. ACCESS Access to this these records shall be established by contacting medical practitioners and patients, to identify patients who have been pregnant who are willing to take part in tis research. 6.9. RELIABILITY, VALIDITY, AND GENERALISABILITY The findings from this study should be reliable and repeatable, as patient records shall be chosen at random and empirically analysed. This will ensure that the parameters of the study are net and that the results can be generalised to wider populaces. 6.10. ETHICAL ISSUES Issues such as, patient confidentiality and privacy shall be considered during the design and implementation of this research to seek to ensure that all participants’ details remain confidential and that they are all fully aware of the nature of the research and why it is being conducted. 6.11. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS As this research is based on secondary sources, the data, which is available, may limit the findings. However, if this is the case then the parameters of the study shall be re-examined to seek to ensure that these limitations are minimised where possible. 7 CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study shall be undertaken by seeking to identify and critically evaluate a number of patient records. This will enable the researcher to understand how much vitamin D pregnant women should take to help to ensure that their unborn child has healthy bones. Then a number of recommendations may be made where this is appropriate. 8 TIME CHART TasksTask LeadStartEnd Literature ReviewResearcher01/08/201329/01/2013 Write Up ResultsResearcher29/08/201330/09/2013 Write MethodologyResearcher21/09/201321/10/2013 Contact SubjectsResearcher21/10/201321/01/2014 Collate DataResearcher21/01/201421/10/2014 Examine DataResearcher21/10/201421/12/2014 Write up resultsResearcher21/12/201421/02/2015 Write discussionResearcher21/02/201521/04/2015 Write conclusionsResearcher21/04/201521/08/2015 REFERENCES ALSPAC (2013). Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Available from http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac/ (Accessed 01/08/2013) Bui, T., Christin-Maitre, S. (2011, October). Vitamin D and pregnancy]. In Annales d’endocrinologie (Vol. 72, p. S23). Dror, D. (2013). Vitamin D in pregnancy. In Handbook of vitamin D in human health (pp. 670-691). Wageningen Academic Publishers. Kovacs, C. S. (2008). Vitamin D in pregnancy and lactation: maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes from human and animal studies. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 88(2), 520S-528S. Lawlor DA, Wills AK, Fraser A, (2013) Association of maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy with bone-mineral content in offspring: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet. Published online March 19 2013. NHS (2013) Doubt cast on the benefit of Vitamin D during Pregnancy. Available from http://www.nhs.uk/news/2013/03March/Pages/doubt-cast-on-benefit-of-vitamin-D-in-pregnancy.aspx Accessed (01/08/2013) NICE (2013) Vitamin D and pregnancy. Available from http://www.nice.org.uk Accessed 01/08/2013 Saunders, M. (2003) Research Methods for Business Students. South Africa: Pearson Education. Stephenson, J. (2006). Vitamin D and Pregnancy. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 295(7), 748-748. How to cite The effects of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women, Essay examples

Continuing professional development (CPD) refers to the means

Question: Why This Continuing Professional Development ? Answer: Introduction Continuing professional development (CPD) refers to the means by which an individual belonging to a certain profession maintains a track or a documentary of his skills, knowledge, and experience. The relevance of this is to improve and widen their scope of knowledge, expertise and competence standards (Barr, Kay, John, 2013). It is important in every profession as it helps in developing the personal values and attributes as well as professional qualities which are essential in ones professional life. It can also be evaluated as a portfolio showcasing an individual development as a professional. The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council (ANMC) require that all registered nurses should develop themselves through CPD, to achieve and improve on their competence standards of the nursing and midwifery profession (Lawson, 2011). It has therefore set specific requirements for professional development among nursing practitioners and the registered nurses. These include at least 20 hours CPD, for one to be registered as a nurse or a midwife. If an individual is practicing as both a nurse and midwife, he or she is required to complete at least 20 hours for both registers and further 20 hours for endorsements. One is also required to fill in a record sheet or create a portfolio of his or her development activities, which provides an evidence of CPD attendance in relation to the number of hours attended and other certificates of participation (Ali, 2012). Lastly, the individual are required to take other accredited courses which are usually offered by professional associations in ord er to enhance his or her professional development. Research has also shown that portfolio can be used as evidence of CPD (Lawson, 2011). His research is based on the regulations of the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008a and 2008b). Ali (2008) talks of enhancing or promoting mentor competency. All qualified nurses and midwives are therefore given the responsibility of facilitating learning within the clinical settings and that those taking formal mentoring must complete a course approved by NMC. The second regulation provided in (NMC, 2008b) requires all registered nurses to map their acquired skills and knowledge against the domains of their development framework (Gordon Campbell, 2013). The mentors will, therefore, develop a portfolio for those taking formal mentoring which serves as evidence of CPD and help them in fulfilling their roles of been stage 1 and stage two mentors. The nurses after receiving such mentorship, they will evaluate themselves against the NMC requirements or domains for mentors and identify any knowled ge gaps which may enable them to meet their personal and professional domains. Conclusion The mentors are able to keep a portfolio evidence and information of the students whom they have mentored and can photocopy their details upon the receipt of the consent of the student. They are also able to examine themselves through the use of the SWOT analysis, whereby they analyze their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and potential threats in their mentoring process. Such analysis can, therefore, be used during the annual appraisals with their managers. Upon the completion of an approved mentorship preparation program by the NMC, the nurses become qualified and can be engaged in support services such as teaching and assessment as well as conducting pre- registration of students during practice placements. References Ali, P. A. (2012). Professional development and the role of mentorship. Nursing Standard, 22(42), 35-39 Barr, J., Kay, R John, S (2013). Mandatory continuing professional development requirements: What does this mean for Australian Nurses, 12(9). 1472-6955, doi:10.1186. Gordon, J. A., Campbell, C. M. (2013).The role of ePortfolios in supporting continuing professional development in practice. Medical Teacher, 35(4), 287-294. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2013.773395. Lawson, L (2011). Continuing Professional Development for mentors: Creating a portfolio. Nursing times; 107:21, 15-18.

Flight and The Snake by John Steinbeck Essay Example

Flight and The Snake by John Steinbeck Paper John Steinbeck is a well-known author who was born in Salinas, California in 1902. The town of Salinas later became the setting of many of his stories, includingâ€Å"Flight† and â€Å"The Snake†, which were short stories in the Long Valley. Steinbeck was well known for his writing style. He was a master of imagery and symbolism, and he made sure the reader had a clear picture of what he was writing. In â€Å"Flight† and â€Å"The Snake† he uses animal references for the main characters, Pepe in â€Å"Flight† and the mysterious woman in â€Å"The Snake†. Besides those references, both stories use color symbolism to describe the character and setting. Both Stories also indicate what happens when an individual is stripped of what they are, either material or psychological. Using these references and symbols makes the readers think more deeply into the story. Even though both stories use similar references and symbolism, the two stories are comp letely different. Many interpretations have been given to both stories so many people will have different opinions on what these two stories mean. As with Steinbeck’s other writings, both â€Å"Flight† and â€Å"The Snake† take place in Salinas, California, one setting out in the Torres ranch and the other setting in a laboratory.â€Å"Flight† tells a tale of an unprepared youth’s failure to achieve maturity (Placentino, 1980) and â€Å"The Snake† tells a story about a Marine Biologist meeting a mysterious woman and what effect she has on him. Animal imagery is used throughout both stories. In â€Å"Flight†, Steinbeck describes Pepe as having as having â€Å"sharp Indian cheekbones and his â€Å"eagle nose†, suggesting his primitive animal-like nature (Placentino, 1980). Snake references are also used for Pepe as when he throws his knife, his wrist â€Å"flicked like a head of a snake† (Placentino, 1980).Similarly, in â€Å"The Snake†, the mysterious woman is described as being snakelike, swaying back an We will write a custom essay sample on Flight and The Snake by John Steinbeck specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Flight and The Snake by John Steinbeck specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Flight and The Snake by John Steinbeck specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Daily Devotional †Reglion Essay

Daily Devotional – Reglion Essay Free Online Research Papers Daily Devotional Reglion Essay I would just like to say that writing this devotional is a very new experience for me, somewhat intimidating, a little scary, but very rewarding as well. Although I have been a Christian for going on six years now, I still find it hard to express my feelings. I believe that people will take something away from my devotional due to the very simplistic nature of the writings within it. I very much consider myself a ‘searcher’ but also very much a believer. I don’t know if you can even combine these two definitions and have other Christians still feel what you have to say is relevant. I don’t have extensive biblical knowledge. I am not a regular attendee of church. What I can say is that I have a relationship with a god that wants a relationship with me. Marriage can be a veritable roller coaster of emotion. One minute you are top of the world, the next you are in a freefall, not knowing where this ride is going to take you. There is only one constant in a successful, loving marriage, and that constant would be the very person that created the two parties and nurtured their relationship, our savior Jesus Christ. God is all powerful, this we know, but isn’t it amazing that the creator of all cared enough for us that he created marriage. God understands that one of our most natural and common needs in our lives is companionship. The loving touch of another, a gentle word spoken to encourage, simple displays of interaction can be the most treasured moments of our lives. God created marriage for this reason and another very important reason, to glorify him. Consider this scripture: I Corinthians 11:3 Now I want you to realize that the head of every man is Christ, and the head of the woman is man, and the head of Christ is God. I must admit I had to ponder this scripture for some time. After some time of introspection I feel God is simply saying make me the focus of your marriage. Men be good stewards of the gift God has given you. Look towards God as your authority; use his guidance to build a strong and loving relationship with your wives. Wives trust God in the lives of your husbands. God, Christ, Men, Women, we are all connected. We are extensions of our father, and I cannot think of a better testament to the loving nature of Jesus, than a loving marriage. Questions 1. Do I trust God enough in the life of my significant other? 2. Is God the focus of our Marriage? Research Papers on Daily Devotional - Reglion EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionCapital PunishmentAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHip-Hop is ArtArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)

Kant's Political Writings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Kant's Political Writings - Essay Example However, our choice of leadership may not always be right and appropriate since as men we tend to be wrong at times due to our human nature. Nonetheless, a leader is always needed and we must submit to them irrespective of whether we agree with them fully or not. This was the origin of the supreme rule among men. It was the only way to establish law and order in any social setting irrespective of where that rule comes from. It is therefore an offense to go against the rule of law by organizing any form of resistance to the leaders in authority. Such an action is deemed offensive and should be punished according to the constitution in place. If anyone is against any law or figure of authority, they should find a constitutionally recognized way of placing their complaints without disorganizing or trying to forcefully overrule the structure of power. His approach to leadership in any social setting points to dictatorship and democratic doctrines. These principles cannot coexist hand in hand since one form will take over the other in time. However, these doctrines are beneficial to men in their quest to find stability in their day to day lives. I support his ideology on this subject matter since he gives some pointers to its advantages. He takes us back to the laws of nature that govern the animal and plant kingdoms. According to his third proposition, our full capabilities are only realized when in an organized group and not as an individual. This is because we are social creatures. He gives us an example of trees trying to collectively seek for air and light for their growth and other trees that do not participate in this union but go off on their own. The latter trees grow to be strong and blossom fully while the former do not grow to their full potential. The value of group association is enhanced since it comes with great benefits to the individuals joined in the venture. This does not come easy since they will be some problems experienced in one way or the ot her. These deviations are to be expected since peace comes with a price. This should be dealt with constitutionally as the people look to the greater picture of a centralized form of governance. The leaders should be capable of providing for its citizens and especially for those unable to do so. It then acquires the right to tax its citizens in a bid to avail certain resources for its entire people. This right to tax should not be abused but used for the greater good of its entire people. The people are then given some privileges by the constitution such as those of voting, legal ownership of property and the right to freedom. The right to rule conferred upon the state is given to it by its citizens. This power should be supreme and the means to an end. The leader should be then having more authority than the people he is ruling over. He can lead his people to a resistance but he must have made claim to his actions and offer protection to his subjects. This resistance could be again st the constitution or a part of it. This form of defiance could be unconstitutional since it points to the leader of the resistance as the Supreme authority yet he is meant to be a tool to follow through with the rule of law. This goes against Kant’s principles as it means that there is a flaw in the constitutional framework of the society. This is even graver when a coup is staged by the people who are meant to be subjects upholding the legality of the leadership they choose. Instead they should be able to stage complaints in the most peaceful of manners and if that approach fails, then submitting to the law would come in handy. In the case scenario of the murder of the leader as was seen in the execution of Charles I, there was the deviation from

Book review on Olaudah Equiano Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book review on Olaudah Equiano - Research Paper Example One of Equiano’s masters and a captain in a British trade ship, Henry Pascal, changed Equiano’s name to Gustavus Vassa. This is a name he used his entire life, with an exception of the autobiography’s publishing. Equiano Olaudah travelled extensively during his service to Pascal and succeeding masters. For instance, he visited Holland, England, Gibraltar, Scotland, Nova Scotia, Caribbean, Georgia, South Carolina and the Pennsylvania. After his purchase from Pascal by a Quaker merchant, Robert King, Equiano’s life gradually took a turn. He worked as Mr. King’s clerk and also had the opportunity to explore his minor trades, which enabled him to save some money and later buy his freedom in the year 1766. In the subsequent year, Equiano Olaudah settled down in England where he attended school and worked for Dr. Charles Irving, a prominent scientist, as an assistant. In the year 1792, Equiano married a lady known as Susanna Cullen, with whom they had two daughters before his death in 1797. Equiano’s autobiography is rather intriguing owing to its narrative approach. He begins the book by describing the ordinary life he used to live with his family in Africa, prior to his kidnap. He indicates that he was the last son, hence his mother’s favourite child and irrespective of the large size of his family they had a home and sufficient food. Equiano’s greatest worry was his slight failure in warrior classes, a clear sign of the carefree life he had as a typical young African male. At the tender age of eleven, he heard of rumours that malicious people were kidnapping young children and selling them off as slaves. Equiano remembers climbing trees and looking around to see if these people would come to get him or his siblings. As fate would have it, Equiano, his brother and sister were taken away in the dark of night when his parents were not around. This marked the drastic and change in his life, especially after being separated from his brother and sister. The emotional upheaval caused by the situation is described by the author’s own words that â€Å"She was torn from me and immediately carried away, while I was left in a state of distraction not to be described. I cried and grieved continually, and for several days I did not eat anything but what they forced into my mouth† (54). On reaching a slave market, Equiano got sold and accompanied his new handler to a house where other people spoke his native language, a form of consolation, albeit little given the critical situation. Owing to his dedication to work, Equiano was considered to be the best slave in the house. However, his life changed soon after, when he was loaded into a ship with other slaves with no knowledge of what would happen next. He feigned fainting when being shoved into the ship with the hope of being left behind, to no avail. Equiano had to work as soon as he got into the Virginia bound ship and he remembers how bad the conditions were in the ship, to the extent of most slaves committing suicide by jumping overboard. Equiano spent some little amount of time in a Virginia farm but he was then taken back on the British slave ships and Trade Vessels serving the captains as a trusted slave. It was in the course of sailing, that he was given the name Gustavas Vassa, by Captain Pascal (Equiano 26). When still serving under Captain Pascal, Equiano travelled to many